fix: single-flight Spotify token + 401-refresh-retry to survive cold-cache fan-out (closes task/spotify-token-resilience)

Source: task/spotify-token-resilience (plan/steward-linker-quality) — cold-cache fan-out fired up to 100 concurrent token POSTs (429 storm) and search didn't refresh-retry on a 401.

- service/spotify.js (new): makeSpotifyToken() single-flights the token fetch via an in-flight-promise cache so N concurrent cold/expired lookups share ONE POST /api/token; clears the promise on settle (success or failure) so a rejected fetch never poisons the cache. makeSpotifySearch() refreshes-and-retries once on a 401 and honors a bounded (capped) Retry-After on a 429, else throws (resolve-core nulls the candidate, as before).
- service/resolver.js: wires the factories with the real fetch + Date.now; value-cache + (expires_in-60)*1000 expiry math unchanged; external behavior (result shapes, USE_SPOTIFY degradation, /health, /resolve) identical.
- service/spotify.test.js (new): hermetic node:test coverage — single-flight (100 concurrent -> 1 fetch), re-fetch after expiry, failure clears in-flight, 401 refresh-retry + persistent-401 throw, bounded 429 backoff. Zero new deps.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

service/resolver.js

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import { readFileSync } from "node:fs";
 import { pickArtist, pickAlbum } from "./lib.js";
 import { buildClassifyMessages, parseClassification, DEFAULT_MODEL } from "./llm.js";
 import { resolveAll as resolveAllCore } from "./resolve-core.js";
+import { makeSpotifyToken, makeSpotifySearch } from "./spotify.js";
 
 // --- minimal .env loader (no dependency) ------------------------------------
 try {
@@ -42,38 +43,46 @@ const USE_LLM = Boolean(OLLAMA_URL);
 const spCache = new Map();
 
 // --- Spotify (optional): direct-artist-link lookup --------------------------
-let spToken = null;
+// The single-flight token getter: a cold/expired-cache fan-out (up to MAX_CANDIDATES concurrent
-let spTokenExp = 0;
+// resolves) shares ONE POST /api/token instead of stampeding the rate-limited token endpoint.
-async function spotifyToken() {
+// fetchToken does the real POST; the cache + (expires_in-60)*1000 expiry math live in the factory.
-  if (spToken && Date.now() < spTokenExp) return spToken;
+const spTokens = makeSpotifyToken({
-  const auth = Buffer.from(`${SPOTIFY_ID}:${SPOTIFY_SECRET}`).toString("base64");
+  fetchToken: async () => {
-  const r = await fetch("https://accounts.spotify.com/api/token", {
+    const auth = Buffer.from(`${SPOTIFY_ID}:${SPOTIFY_SECRET}`).toString("base64");
-    method: "POST",
+    const r = await fetch("https://accounts.spotify.com/api/token", {
-    headers: { authorization: `Basic ${auth}`, "content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" },
+      method: "POST",
-    body: "grant_type=client_credentials",
+      headers: { authorization: `Basic ${auth}`, "content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" },
+      body: "grant_type=client_credentials",
+      signal: AbortSignal.timeout(5000), // fail fast on a hung upstream (caught per-candidate -> null)
+    });
+    if (!r.ok) throw new Error(`spotify token http ${r.status}`);
+    return r.json();
+  },
+});
+
+// One bare Spotify search (no token mgmt): returns { ok, status, headers, body } so the
+// search-with-retry layer can branch on 401/429 without an exception masking the status.
+async function doSpotifySearch(name, token) {
+  const url = `https://api.spotify.com/v1/search?type=artist,album&limit=5&q=${encodeURIComponent(name)}`;
+  const r = await fetch(url, {
+    headers: { authorization: `Bearer ${token}` },
     signal: AbortSignal.timeout(5000), // fail fast on a hung upstream (caught per-candidate -> null)
   });
-  if (!r.ok) throw new Error(`spotify token http ${r.status}`);
+  // 401/429 carry no usable body for our purposes; only parse JSON on a real hit.
-  const j = await r.json();
+  const body = r.ok ? await r.json() : null;
-  spToken = j.access_token;
+  return { ok: r.ok, status: r.status, headers: r.headers, body };
-  spTokenExp = Date.now() + (j.expires_in - 60) * 1000;
-  return spToken;
 }
 
+// 401 -> invalidate + refresh + retry once; 429 -> bounded Retry-After + retry once; else throw.
+const spSearch = makeSpotifySearch({ doSearch: doSpotifySearch, tokens: spTokens });
+
 // The injected `search` for resolve-core: one type=artist,album Spotify search per candidate,
 // returning the exact-name-match hits as { artist, album } where each is the external Spotify url
 // (string) or null. No creds -> both null (nothing links). resolve-core's pickDirect applies the
 // kindHint tie-break and shapes the link; the cache (spCache) is owned by resolve-core too.
 async function search(name) {
   if (!USE_SPOTIFY) return { artist: null, album: null };
-  const token = await spotifyToken();
+  const j = await spSearch(name);
-  const url = `https://api.spotify.com/v1/search?type=artist,album&limit=5&q=${encodeURIComponent(name)}`;
-  const r = await fetch(url, {
-    headers: { authorization: `Bearer ${token}` },
-    signal: AbortSignal.timeout(5000), // fail fast on a hung upstream (caught per-candidate -> null)
-  });
-  if (!r.ok) throw new Error(`spotify search http ${r.status}`);
-  const j = await r.json();
   return {
     artist: pickArtist(name, j.artists?.items)?.external_urls?.spotify ?? null,
     album: pickAlbum(name, j.albums?.items)?.external_urls?.spotify ?? null,

service/spotify.js

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+// Testable Spotify client-credentials token + search helpers, decoupled from resolver.js's HTTP
+// side effects so `node --test` can drive them with injected fakes (a counting fetch + a fake
+// clock). The single-flight token getter coalesces a cold-cache fan-out — up to MAX_CANDIDATES
+// concurrent resolves share ONE POST /api/token instead of stampeding the rate-limited endpoint.
+
+// Single-flight token getter factory. `fetchToken()` performs the real POST /api/token and
+// returns { access_token, expires_in } (resolver.js wires the live fetch); `now` is the clock
+// (Date.now, injectable for tests). Returns { getToken, invalidate }:
+//   getToken() -> the cached access_token while it is fresh; on a cold/expired cache, the FIRST
+//     caller starts the fetch and every concurrent caller awaits the SAME in-flight promise, so
+//     N concurrent cold lookups make exactly one fetch. The in-flight promise is cleared once it
+//     settles (success OR failure) so the next cold window re-fetches and a rejected fetch never
+//     poisons the cache.
+//   invalidate() -> drop the cached value so the next getToken re-fetches (used by the 401 path).
+// Expiry math is (expires_in - 60)*1000 ms — a 60s safety margin before Spotify's stated expiry.
+export function makeSpotifyToken({ fetchToken, now = Date.now }) {
+  let token = null;
+  let exp = 0;
+  let inflight = null;
+
+  async function getToken() {
+    if (token && now() < exp) return token; // warm hit — value cache, no promise
+    if (inflight) return inflight; // a cold fetch is already running — coalesce onto it
+    inflight = (async () => {
+      const j = await fetchToken();
+      token = j.access_token;
+      exp = now() + (j.expires_in - 60) * 1000;
+      return token;
+    })().finally(() => { inflight = null; }); // clear on success OR failure
+    return inflight;
+  }
+
+  // Force the next getToken to re-fetch (the cached value is rejected mid-window, e.g. a 401).
+  function invalidate() {
+    token = null;
+    exp = 0;
+  }
+
+  return { getToken, invalidate };
+}
+
+// Search-with-retry factory. `doSearch(name, token)` performs ONE Spotify search and returns
+// { ok, status, body } — never throws for an HTTP error (the caller decides). `tokens` is a
+// makeSpotifyToken() handle; `sleep(ms)` is the backoff delay (injectable, zero in tests).
+// Returns search(name) -> the parsed JSON body, or throws so resolve-core's per-candidate catch
+// nulls that candidate (today's graceful degradation). Behavior:
+//   * 401 -> invalidate the token, fetch a fresh one, retry ONCE; a persistent 401 throws.
+//   * 429 -> honor a bounded Retry-After (capped) once, then retry ONCE; a persistent 429 throws.
+//   * other !ok -> throw (caller nulls the candidate, as today).
+// Retries are bounded to one — never unbounded.
+export function makeSpotifySearch({ doSearch, tokens, sleep = (ms) => new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, ms)), maxRetryAfterMs = 2000 }) {
+  return async function search(name) {
+    let token = await tokens.getToken();
+    let r = await doSearch(name, token);
+
+    if (r.status === 401) {
+      tokens.invalidate(); // the token was rejected mid-window — force a fresh one
+      token = await tokens.getToken();
+      r = await doSearch(name, token);
+    } else if (r.status === 429) {
+      const wait = retryAfterMs(r.headers, maxRetryAfterMs);
+      if (wait != null) await sleep(wait);
+      r = await doSearch(name, token);
+    }
+
+    if (!r.ok) throw new Error(`spotify search http ${r.status}`);
+    return r.body;
+  };
+}
+
+// Parse a bounded Retry-After (seconds) from response headers into ms, capped at `maxMs`.
+// `headers` is a fetch Headers (or any object with a .get). Returns null when absent/garbage.
+export function retryAfterMs(headers, maxMs) {
+  const raw = headers?.get?.("retry-after");
+  if (raw == null || raw === "") return null; // absent -> no wait (Number(null/"") is 0, guard it)
+  const secs = Number(raw);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(secs) || secs < 0) return null;
+  return Math.min(secs * 1000, maxMs);
+}

service/spotify.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+// Unit tests for the Spotify token single-flight + search-with-retry helpers (run with
+// `node --test`). Zero-dep, hermetic: a counting fake fetchToken/doSearch + an injected clock,
+// no network and no real timers (sleep is injected as a zero-delay stub).
+import { test } from "node:test";
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { makeSpotifyToken, makeSpotifySearch, retryAfterMs } from "./spotify.js";
+
+// A controllable clock: starts at 0, advance() bumps it.
+function fakeClock(start = 0) {
+  let t = start;
+  return { now: () => t, advance: (ms) => { t += ms; } };
+}
+
+// A fetchToken that counts calls and yields a token + expires_in; optionally defers via a gate
+// so concurrent callers actually overlap on the in-flight promise before it settles.
+function countingFetchToken({ expiresIn = 3600, token = "tok", gate = null } = {}) {
+  const state = { calls: 0 };
+  const fetchToken = async () => {
+    state.calls += 1;
+    const n = state.calls;
+    if (gate) await gate; // hold all in-flight calls open until the test releases the gate
+    return { access_token: `${token}-${n}`, expires_in: expiresIn };
+  };
+  return { fetchToken, state };
+}
+
+test("single-flight: N concurrent cold getToken share exactly one fetch", async () => {
+  let release;
+  const gate = new Promise((r) => { release = r; });
+  const { fetchToken, state } = countingFetchToken({ gate });
+  const clock = fakeClock();
+  const { getToken } = makeSpotifyToken({ fetchToken, now: clock.now });
+
+  // Fire 100 concurrent cold lookups; they all enter while the fetch is gated open.
+  const pending = Array.from({ length: 100 }, () => getToken());
+  release(); // let the single in-flight fetch resolve
+  const tokens = await Promise.all(pending);
+
+  assert.equal(state.calls, 1, "exactly one POST /api/token for 100 concurrent cold callers");
+  assert.ok(tokens.every((t) => t === "tok-1"), "every caller got the same token");
+});
+
+test("warm hit serves the cached value without any fetch", async () => {
+  const { fetchToken, state } = countingFetchToken();
+  const clock = fakeClock();
+  const { getToken } = makeSpotifyToken({ fetchToken, now: clock.now });
+
+  const a = await getToken();
+  const b = await getToken(); // still fresh -> no new fetch
+  assert.equal(a, "tok-1");
+  assert.equal(b, "tok-1");
+  assert.equal(state.calls, 1);
+});
+
+test("re-fetch after expiry: advancing the clock past exp triggers exactly one more fetch", async () => {
+  const { fetchToken, state } = countingFetchToken({ expiresIn: 3600 });
+  const clock = fakeClock();
+  const { getToken } = makeSpotifyToken({ fetchToken, now: clock.now });
+
+  await getToken();
+  assert.equal(state.calls, 1);
+
+  // exp = now + (3600-60)*1000 = 3_540_000 ms. Advance just past it.
+  clock.advance(3_540_001);
+  const t2 = await getToken();
+  assert.equal(state.calls, 2, "one more fetch after expiry");
+  assert.equal(t2, "tok-2", "the fresh token is served");
+});
+
+test("failure clears the in-flight promise: a rejected fetch does not poison the cache", async () => {
+  let failNext = true;
+  const state = { calls: 0 };
+  const fetchToken = async () => {
+    state.calls += 1;
+    if (failNext) { failNext = false; throw new Error("token http 503"); }
+    return { access_token: "tok-ok", expires_in: 3600 };
+  };
+  const clock = fakeClock();
+  const { getToken } = makeSpotifyToken({ fetchToken, now: clock.now });
+
+  await assert.rejects(getToken(), /token http 503/);
+  // The poisoned promise must be cleared -> the next call retries and succeeds.
+  const t = await getToken();
+  assert.equal(t, "tok-ok");
+  assert.equal(state.calls, 2, "the rejected fetch did not stick — a fresh fetch ran");
+});
+
+// --- search-with-retry --------------------------------------------------------
+
+// A doSearch that returns a scripted sequence of { ok, status, headers?, body? } responses,
+// counting calls and recording which token each call saw.
+function scriptedSearch(responses) {
+  const state = { calls: 0, tokensSeen: [] };
+  const doSearch = async (_name, token) => {
+    state.tokensSeen.push(token);
+    const r = responses[state.calls] ?? responses[responses.length - 1];
+    state.calls += 1;
+    return r;
+  };
+  return { doSearch, state };
+}
+
+const okResp = (body) => ({ ok: true, status: 200, body });
+const errResp = (status, headers) => ({ ok: false, status, headers, body: null });
+const hdr = (obj) => ({ get: (k) => obj[k.toLowerCase()] ?? null });
+
+test("401 retry: a stale-token 401 invalidates, refreshes, and retries once with a fresh token", async () => {
+  const { fetchToken, state: tokState } = countingFetchToken();
+  const tokens = makeSpotifyToken({ fetchToken, now: fakeClock().now });
+  const { doSearch, state } = scriptedSearch([errResp(401), okResp({ hit: true })]);
+
+  const search = makeSpotifySearch({ doSearch, tokens, sleep: async () => {} });
+  const body = await search("Tool");
+
+  assert.deepEqual(body, { hit: true });
+  assert.equal(state.calls, 2, "exactly one retry after the 401");
+  assert.equal(tokState.calls, 2, "the token was invalidated and re-fetched");
+  assert.equal(state.tokensSeen[0], "tok-1");
+  assert.equal(state.tokensSeen[1], "tok-2", "the retry used the FRESH token");
+});
+
+test("persistent 401: a second 401 throws (no infinite retry), so resolve-core nulls the candidate", async () => {
+  const { fetchToken } = countingFetchToken();
+  const tokens = makeSpotifyToken({ fetchToken, now: fakeClock().now });
+  const { doSearch, state } = scriptedSearch([errResp(401), errResp(401)]);
+
+  const search = makeSpotifySearch({ doSearch, tokens, sleep: async () => {} });
+  await assert.rejects(search("Tool"), /spotify search http 401/);
+  assert.equal(state.calls, 2, "retried exactly once, then gave up");
+});
+
+test("429 backoff: a Retry-After 429 waits (bounded) then retries once and succeeds", async () => {
+  const { fetchToken } = countingFetchToken();
+  const tokens = makeSpotifyToken({ fetchToken, now: fakeClock().now });
+  const { doSearch, state } = scriptedSearch([errResp(429, hdr({ "retry-after": "1" })), okResp({ hit: true })]);
+
+  let slept = null;
+  const search = makeSpotifySearch({ doSearch, tokens, sleep: async (ms) => { slept = ms; } });
+  const body = await search("Tool");
+
+  assert.deepEqual(body, { hit: true });
+  assert.equal(state.calls, 2, "one retry after the 429");
+  assert.equal(slept, 1000, "honored Retry-After: 1 second");
+});
+
+test("429 retry-after is capped, and a persistent 429 throws without unbounded retry", async () => {
+  const { fetchToken } = countingFetchToken();
+  const tokens = makeSpotifyToken({ fetchToken, now: fakeClock().now });
+  // Retry-After: 9999s would be huge — must cap at maxRetryAfterMs (2000 by default).
+  const { doSearch, state } = scriptedSearch([errResp(429, hdr({ "retry-after": "9999" })), errResp(429)]);
+
+  let slept = null;
+  const search = makeSpotifySearch({ doSearch, tokens, sleep: async (ms) => { slept = ms; } });
+  await assert.rejects(search("Tool"), /spotify search http 429/);
+  assert.equal(slept, 2000, "the wait was capped at maxRetryAfterMs");
+  assert.equal(state.calls, 2, "retried exactly once, then gave up");
+});
+
+test("happy path: a 200 on the first try returns the body with no retry", async () => {
+  const { fetchToken } = countingFetchToken();
+  const tokens = makeSpotifyToken({ fetchToken, now: fakeClock().now });
+  const { doSearch, state } = scriptedSearch([okResp({ artists: { items: [] } })]);
+
+  const search = makeSpotifySearch({ doSearch, tokens, sleep: async () => {} });
+  const body = await search("Tool");
+  assert.deepEqual(body, { artists: { items: [] } });
+  assert.equal(state.calls, 1, "no retry on a clean 200");
+});
+
+test("retryAfterMs parses, caps, and rejects garbage", () => {
+  assert.equal(retryAfterMs(hdr({ "retry-after": "2" }), 5000), 2000);
+  assert.equal(retryAfterMs(hdr({ "retry-after": "100" }), 5000), 5000, "capped at maxMs");
+  assert.equal(retryAfterMs(hdr({ "retry-after": "junk" }), 5000), null);
+  assert.equal(retryAfterMs(hdr({ "retry-after": "-1" }), 5000), null);
+  assert.equal(retryAfterMs(hdr({}), 5000), null, "absent header -> null");
+  assert.equal(retryAfterMs(null, 5000), null, "no headers object -> null");
+});